The ranks of the most valuable mining companies in the world were throughly scrambled in 2023 as governments intervened, lithium and nickel prices tumbled, gold hit records and a new listing went ballistic.

In a few short years, LFP batteries crushed nickel and cobalt mining markets and new technology could do the same to lithium.

A tumultuous year for the global mining industry: collapse of lithium prices, furious M&A activity, gold’s new record and state intervention in mining on a scale not seen in decades.

Manganese was the key ingredient in developing white and green organic light-emitting diodes displaying record high efficiency.